Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) (E320) — What You Need to Know
What Is Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)?
BHA is a synthetic antioxidant widely used to prevent rancidity in fats, oils, and fat-containing foods. It has been classified by IARC as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) and is listed by the US National Toxicology Program as reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen. Despite these classifications, it remains approved for use in many countries at restricted levels.
What Is It Used For?
Prevents oxidation and rancidity in fats, oils, and fat-containing foods. Also used to preserve flavor and color in processed foods, and as a preservative in food packaging materials.
Safety Assessment
IARC has classified BHA as Group 2B (possibly carcinogenic to humans) based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in animal studies — causes forestomach tumors in rodents. The US National Toxicology Program (NTP) listed BHA as "reasonably anticipated to be a human carcinogen." EFSA maintained authorization with low ADI of 1.0 mg/kg bw/day. California Proposition 65 lists BHA as a known carcinogen. Despite these classifications, FDA maintains GRAS status. Shows endocrine-disrupting properties in some studies. Being phased out by many food companies in favor of natural alternatives.
Based on current evidence, Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) is rated Questionable with a score of 3/10. This is 4.1 points below the average for antioxidants (7.1/10). Last reviewed by regulators: 2018. A typical diet provides about 0.4% of the acceptable daily intake.
Commonly Found In
Always check the label for E320 or 'Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)'
▶Chemical Information
Frequently Asked Questions about Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA)
Quick Facts
- E-Number
- E320
- INS Number
- 320
- Category
- Antioxidants
- Origin
- Synthetic
- FDA Status
- GRAS
- EFSA Status
- Authorized
- ADI
- 1.0 mg/kg bw/day
- Last Review
- 2018
Related Additives
Other antioxidants in the same family