Benzoic Acid (E210) — What You Need to Know
What Is Benzoic Acid?
Benzoic acid is a naturally occurring organic acid found in berries, plums, cinnamon, and other fruits and spices. It is one of the oldest chemical preservatives used in the food industry, effective against yeasts, moulds, and some bacteria in acidic foods. The commercial form is typically synthesized chemically, though it is chemically identical to the naturally occurring compound.
What Is It Used For?
Used to inhibit microbial growth in acidic foods and beverages, particularly in products with a pH below 4.5. Prevents spoilage and extends shelf life of fruit-based products, condiments, and carbonated drinks.
Safety Assessment
Parent compound of sodium benzoate (E211). Can form benzene (a known carcinogen) when combined with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in acidic beverages — FDA found benzene levels above drinking water limits in some soft drinks in 2006. EFSA re-evaluated in 2016 and lowered group ADI from 5 to 5 mg/kg bw/day. May trigger pseudo-allergic reactions in sensitive individuals, especially those with asthma or urticaria.
Based on current evidence, Benzoic Acid is rated Caution with a score of 6/10. This is 0.3 points above the average for preservatives (5.7/10). Last reviewed by regulators: 2016. A typical diet provides about 0.6% of the acceptable daily intake.
Commonly Found In
Always check the label for E210 or 'Benzoic Acid'
▶Chemical Information
Frequently Asked Questions about Benzoic Acid
Quick Facts
- E-Number
- E210
- INS Number
- 210
- Category
- Preservatives
- Origin
- Natural
- FDA Status
- GRAS
- EFSA Status
- Authorized — group ADI for benzoic acid and benzoates (E210–E213)
- ADI
- 5 mg/kg bw/day
- Last Review
- 2016
Related Additives
Other preservatives in the same family