Titanium Dioxide (E171) — What You Need to Know
What Is Titanium Dioxide?
Titanium dioxide is a bright white pigment used to make foods and coatings look whiter and more opaque. It was widely used in confectionery, chewing gum, and candy coatings for decades. However, EFSA concluded in 2021 that titanium dioxide could no longer be considered safe as a food additive after DNA damage concerns emerged from new studies, leading to a ban in the EU from 2022.
What Is It Used For?
Used to whiten and add opacity to candy coatings, chewing gum, frosting, sauces, and some cheeses. Creates the bright white appearance in many confectionery products.
Safety Assessment
In 2021, EFSA concluded that titanium dioxide (E171) could no longer be considered safe as a food additive. Studies found that it accumulates in the body and some studies suggest it could be genotoxic (potentially capable of damaging DNA). The EU banned its use in food from August 7, 2022. The FDA still considers it GRAS, but this divergence in regulatory opinion warrants caution.
Based on current evidence, Titanium Dioxide is rated Avoid with a score of 2/10. This is 3.8 points below the average for colorings (5.8/10). Last reviewed by regulators: 2021.
Commonly Found In
Always check the label for E171 or 'Titanium Dioxide'
▶Chemical Information
Frequently Asked Questions about Titanium Dioxide
Quick Facts
- E-Number
- E171
- INS Number
- 171
- Category
- Colorings
- Origin
- Synthetic
- FDA Status
- Generally Recognized as Safe
- EFSA Status
- Banned in EU since August 2022
- ADI
- Not established (safety concern) mg/kg bw/day
- Last Review
- 2021
Related Additives
Other colorings in the same family