Fumaric Acid (E297) — What You Need to Know
What Is Fumaric Acid?
Fumaric acid is a naturally occurring organic acid found in fumitory plants, mushrooms, and lichen. It is an intermediate in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle and is produced in the human body during metabolic processes. It has the strongest sour taste per gram of any food-grade acid, making it highly cost-effective as an acidulant.
What Is It Used For?
Used as an acidulant in dry food mixes, tortillas, pie fillings, and beverages. Its very low hygroscopicity (resistance to moisture absorption) makes it particularly useful in powdered and dry mix products.
Safety Assessment
Naturally occurring organic acid that is an intermediate in the citric acid (Krebs) cycle. Named after the Fumaria (fumitory) plant from which it was first isolated. No safety concerns. Used as an acidulant because it has the strongest sour taste per gram of any food acid, making it cost-effective. Very low hygroscopicity (doesn't absorb moisture), making it ideal for dry mixes and powders.
Based on current evidence, Fumaric Acid is rated Safe with a score of 9/10. This is 0.2 points above the average for acidity regulators (8.8/10). Last reviewed by regulators: 2018.
Commonly Found In
Always check the label for E297 or 'Fumaric Acid'
▶Chemical Information
Frequently Asked Questions about Fumaric Acid
Quick Facts
- E-Number
- E297
- INS Number
- 297
- Category
- Acidity Regulators
- Origin
- Natural
- FDA Status
- GRAS (Generally Recognized as Safe). No usage restrictions.
- EFSA Status
- No ADI needed. Classified as quantum satis (no numerical limit required). Considered safe at all food-use levels.
- ADI
- Not specified mg/kg bw/day
- Last Review
- 2018
Related Additives
Other acidity regulators in the same family